Personal Reading of Stephen A. Reids Article The...

Reids article brings the Unspeakable Rites in Conrads Heart of darkness into focus. It mainly raises the question of whether critics should examine Kurtzs rites or leave them unexamined. These rites are so horrible and terrible to the extent that critics have refused to examine them. These critics take such a stand as they tend to associate the ambiguity centring around Kurtzs rites with Conrads desire to leave them shrouded in uncertainty. They, thus, see no reason for examining them. However, determined as he is, Reid stands against this view; he believes that these rites are to be examined. He says, We must try to understand what those rites were. Arguing that the critical function should not stop where Conrad does, Reid†¦show more content†¦He sees that Kurtzs unspeakable rites are means to an end- exploitation. Kurtz, Reid argues, is aware of his exploitation of the natives. The latter, however, deem Kurtzs rites necessary for their own security. Without them, their ver y existence is at stake. Reid does not deny that Kurtz gains sadistic satisfaction from these rites; hadnt the rite involved great relish Kurtz would not have carried them out. Simultaneously, however, Reid tells us that Kurtz might have been forced into the rites regardless of whatever spiritual enjoyment Kurtz gains. Reid, hereby, does not approve of attributing Kurtzs rites to uncontrolled lusts. He writes, The simple giving in to uncontrolled lusts- the usual explanation of Kurtzs disintegration seems to me a psychologically unsound way of describing the case especially when a more precise explanation is available. According to Reid, Kurtzs problem of maintaining his rule underlies his constituting the rite of sacrifice and the attendant cannibalism whereby he carries out these rites. Reid here draws on determinism in claiming that Kurtzs descent into bestiality is inevitable; according to him, should there be anybody in Kurtzs shoes, he will have to act just as Kurtz did. It is this inevitability which accounts for critics refusal to examine these rites. Now that I have done with the first part of my essay, I would like to

The Keystone Xl Pipeline Is The Endurance Of Todays Society

Oil is imperative to the endurance of today’s society and plays a major role in the world’s economy. The Keystone XL Pipeline is a crude oil pipeline that is designed to run from â€Å"Hardisty, Alberta†¦to Steele City, Nebraska,† (About The Project). Citizens of Canada and the United States are debating the development of the pipeline. There are two sides to this issue, to either approve or disapprove the Keystone XL Pipeline, and by researching this topic I will form an opinion. Most of the Keystone pipeline has already been put in place. According to an image, from an article in an academic journal, the oil pipeline has already been built from Hardisty, Alberta to Patoka, Illinois and to Houston, Texas. If more than half of the Keystone†¦show more content†¦Not only that, â€Å"Canada estimates†¦half a million jobs by the year 2035,† (Richardson). This will lessen the amount of people that are in extensive debt across the country. A democratic senator from Louisiana claims that the â€Å"energy jobs are not minimum wage jobs. They are not even $15-an-hour jobs. They are not even $30-an-hour jobs. They $45-an-hour jobs,† proving that the oil pipeline would dramatically improve the nation’s economy (Should Congress Vote To Authorize Construction Of The Keystone Pipeline?). Together, with the creation of jobs, is the tremendous upsurge in revenue. Earnings come from tax revenues from TransCanada and income taxes from the thousands of jobs create by this pipeline. An estimate, from the State Department environmental review, states, â€Å"that building the pipeline would contribute about $3.4 billion to the American economy,† (Davenport). The taxes collected from TransCanada from 2010 to 2014 totals $186.4 million and will only increase with the addition to the pipeline. It is discernible that the United States will only gain money from the Keystone pipeline, not lose money. TransCanada would fund, â€Å"construct, own, and operate the proposed pipeline,† leaving the U.S. government to collect the profits (Levitt). Financing for the pipeline became available when President Obama â€Å"placed the approval for the pipeline on the back burner† and TransCanada has â€Å"been able to save up enough cash to fund and build the Keystone outr ight,†

Romeo and Juliet Quotes Essay Example For Students

Romeo and Juliet Quotes Essay 1. Thus from my lips, by thine my sin is purged. Page. 760, this is the first time Romeo and Juliet Kiss. This kiss starts it all. 2.Whats in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. Page.768 Juliet is stating that if they both had different names then they could be together. She is speaking the truth. 3.Parting is such sweet sorrow. Page.773 Romeo is telling Juliet that he does not want to leave her. It is sweet as in nice to see her but it makes him sad to leave. 4. These violent delights have violent endsPage. 785 this quote is stating that violent things that bring delights to someone have violent endings. With all good things there are bad. 5. Heaven is here where Juliet lives Page.801 This is a sweet quote. Romeo thinks that Juliet is so great, where she lives is like heaven. 6. And I will do it without fear or doubt, To live an unstained wife to my sweet love. Page.820 Juliet loves Romeo so much she wants to be true to him. She is willing to take such a risk for love7.Ah dear Juliet why art thou yet so fairPage.843 This is when Romeo thinks Juliet is dead. He does not see how she is so beautiful still dead. 8.Romeo, there dead , was husband to that Juliet. And she, there dead was Romeos faithful wife Page.849 This is when they are dead, cause of love. It is sad and bittersweet. 9. See what a scourge is laid upon youre hate, That heaven finds means to kill your joys with love. Page.850 This quote is important because it is a peace offering between the two families. Over their son and daughters death. 10.For saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch and palm to palm is holy palmers kiss. Page.759 This is Romeos offer to kiss fair Juliet. She accepts and they kiss for the first time.

Writing Argumentative Essay with Computer Aided formulation

The course has a principal thesis that caters for origin and description of argumentation. Students need to learn the purpose and style of writing an argumentative essay. With the help of amplification of opinions, a good professional argument demonstrates effectiveness and purpose.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Writing Argumentative Essay with Computer Aided formulation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The school argumentative essay must follow key features of a good writing style. These are emphasis from the collage or school tutoring systems. In comparison to professional argumentation in the work force, Chryssafidou (n.d, 2), indicates that it is challenging and often difficult to write an argumentative essay especially within an applicable area such as the workplace. One has to see ideas in a systematic format in support of one position of the argument and disproval of the other. Essential skills taught in school covers components, schemes or patterns that are essential for easy and academically related essays. Professional style of writing proposes the dialectic form of essay, which utilizes computer supportive setting to support the position of the argument. This assists in captivating an argument as a procedure to solve differences of opinions by supporting opinions with arguments, while anticipating counterarguments, instead of critical analysis of specific characteristics of an argument Chryssafidou (n.d, 2). One has to find ways of refuting the counter-arguments to strengthen personal opinion. According to Chryssafidou (n.d, 4), computer systems support opinions through provision of illustrative arguments. They also assist in engaging professional in formulation of illustrations and encourage dialogue through exchange of comments. This procedure assists in entangling difficult situations. The formal education on essay writing lacks the opportunity to build up experiences as a critical aspect of solving challenges. Students often forget to substantiate their side of the argument at the beginning of the essay. They either lack enough understanding or ignore requirements to have a stand of opinion, to build up a logical debate within the essay. The evident difference between professional and academic argumentative essay is that students will engage in an argument to refute a certain point-of-view and reject the opinion without proper justification. In line with Chryssafidou’s article (n.d, 5); proper formalism of an argumentation is imminent in a computer system.Advertising Looking for article on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The system is a procedure that consists of various elements and connectors to construct the argument. The elements are â€Å"claims, data, warrant, backing, issues, position and arguments† (Chryssafidou, n.d, 5). Various suggestive efforts of the softw are tool relate to formulation of arguments and assists in identification of a relationship between claims and supportive evidence. The article assists students on matters concern with formulation of professional arguments. It helps one in choosing an opinion when initiating an argument, formulating clear disagreements through clarified structures, enhancing procedures for planning and writing the essay. The article also offers the option of writing an essay in a virtual context through online tutorials and provides guidance over formulation of collaborative appraisals as opposed to cumulative assessment of a situation. By analysis of this text, I have learnt that one should not assume familiarity of argumentation skills and schemes when that knowledge lacks developed experience and substantive support. Strong arguments have well-built support such as the dialectic essays that are computer aided. The academic essay may have strong support from various resources but lack the required characteristics to synthesis them into a coherent scene. There is a difference between developing an opinion followed by a reason for the choice, and developing an argument together with high-levelled standards in support of the position. This article raises various concerns over significance of argumentative analysis. The author presents a different perspective to the academic guidance of written argumentative essay, which is the use of computer-aided models. The main question is whether the arguer has the ability to determine the critical aspects of an argument and state the presumptions or principals of an argument. These features often face implicit omission in school writing and guidance. Which aspects of an argument lead to deeper and consultative disagreements that can provide better understanding of the argument? According to Chryssafidou’s article (n.d, 9), it is possible to present different parts of a large argumentative transcript and merge the results to a unifi ed structure. Is it possible to present basic elements of a contrasting argument? Is it feasible to have an illustration of interdependence between common or otherwise conflicting conclusions? Other concerns raised by the article points out on existence of errors connected to assumptions that arguments consist of single datum. While the structural representation of arguments in a computer system brings out details clearly, the legitimacy of an opinion depends on the structure of argument.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Writing Argumentative Essay with Computer Aided formulation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The computer-aided system however lacks policies and governing procedures. Does lack of policies compromise viability? The extra support of structuring problems and revealing possible solutions or options of designing and recording decisions is an excellent way of availing proposals to a problem for fut ure reference. The main weaknesses connected to the computer-aided designs for projecting a problem lies on details pertaining components of the argument, since there is compromise on overall goals and argumentative text. Other limitations concern reconstruction procedures. Formalism indicates that critic’s assist is reinvention of better arguments (Chryssafidou, n.d, 11). Reference List Chryssafidou, Evi. â€Å"DIALECTIC: Enhancing essay writing skills with computer supported formulation of argumentation.† Kodak/Royal Academy Educational Technology Group Journal, School of Elec. Elec. Engineering, University of Birmingham. (n.d). Web. This article on Writing Argumentative Essay with Computer Aided formulation was written and submitted by user Sarai Hubbard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Henry Clays American System Economic Plan

Henry Clay's American System Economic Plan The American System was a program for economic development championed in the era following the War of 1812 by Henry Clay, one of the most influential members of Congress in the early 19th century. Clays idea was that the federal government should implement protective tariffs and internal improvements and a national bank should help develop the nations economy. Clays basic argument for the program was that by protecting American manufacturers from foreign competition, ever increasing internal markets would spur American industries to grow.  For example, companies in the Pittsburgh region could sell iron to manufacturers on the East Coast, replacing iron imported from Great Britain. Various other regions of the country sought protection from imports that could undercut them in the marketplace. Agriculture and Manufacturing Clay envisioned a diversified American economy in which agricultural interests and manufacturers would exist side by side. Essentially, he saw beyond the argument of whether the United States would be an industrial or agricultural nation. It could be both, he insisted. When he advocated for his American System, Clay focused on the need to build growing home markets for American goods. He contended that blocking cheap imported goods would ultimately benefit all Americans. Nationalist Appeal His program  had strong nationalist appeal. Developing home markets would protect the United States from uncertain foreign events. Self-reliance could ensure that the nation was protected from shortages of goods caused by distant conflicts. That argument resonated strongly, especially in the period following the War of 1812 and Europes Napoleonic Wars. During those years of conflict, American businesses suffered from disruptions. The ideas put into practice included building the National Road, Americas first major highway; chartering the Second Bank of the United States, a new national bank, in 1816; and passing the first protective tariff the same year. Clays American System was essentially in practice during the Era of Good Feelings, which corresponded with the presidency of James Monroe from 1817 to 1825. Controversy Arises Clay, who had served as a representative and senator from Kentucky, ran for president in 1824 and 1832, advocating extending the American System. But by that time sectional and partisan disputes made aspects of his plans controversial. Clays arguments for high tariffs persisted for decades in various forms but often met with stiff opposition. In the late 1820s tensions over the role the federal government should play in economic development escalated to the point that South Carolina threatened to withdraw from the Union over a tariff in what became known as the Nullification Crisis. Clays American System was perhaps ahead of its time. The general concepts of tariffs and internal improvements became standard government policy in the late 1800s. Clay ran for president in 1844 and remained a potent force in American politics until his death in 1852. He, along with Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun, became known as the Great Triumvirate of the U.S. Senate.

Human Anatomy Study Tips

Human Anatomy Study Tips Anatomy is the study of the structure of living organisms. This subdiscipline of biology can be further categorized into the study of large-scale anatomical structures (gross anatomy) and the study of microscopic anatomical structures (microscopic anatomy). Human anatomy deals with anatomical structures of the human body, including cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Anatomy is always linked to physiology, the study of how biological processes function in living organisms. Therefore it is not enough to be able to identify a structure, its function must also be understood. Why Study Anatomy? The study of human anatomy gives us a better understanding of the structures of the body and how they work. When taking a basic anatomy course, your goal should be to learn and understand the structures and functions of the major body systems. It is important to remember that organ systems dont just exist as individual units. Each system depends on the others, either directly or indirectly, to keep the body functioning normally. It is also important to be able to identify the major cells, tissues, and organs being studied and to know how they function. Make the Most of Your Study Time Studying anatomy involves lots of memorization. For instance, the human body contains 206 bones and over 600 muscles. Learning these structures requires time, effort, and good memorization skills. The following tips will help make learning and memorizing body structures easier. Know the Language The most important thing to understand when studying anatomy is the terminology. Using standard anatomical terminology ensures that anatomists have a common method of communicating to avoid confusion when identifying structures. Knowing anatomical directional terms and body planes, for instance, enables you to describe the locations of structures in relation to other structures or locations in the body. Learning the common prefixes and suffixes used in anatomy and biology is also helpful. And Decipher Terms Like "Brachiocephalic Artery" If you are studying the brachiocephalic artery, you can figure out its function by knowing the affixes in the name. The affix brachio- refers to the upper arm and cephal refers to the head. If you have memorized that an artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, you can determine that the brachiocephalic artery is a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the head and arm regions of the body. Use Study Aids Study aids are very useful when studying anatomy. Believe it or not, anatomy coloring books are one of the best ways to learn and memorize structures and their location. The Anatomy Coloring Book is a popular choice, but other coloring books work as well. Flash Cards and Complementary Texts Anatomy flash cards, like Netters Anatomy Flash Cards and Mosbys Anatomy Physiology Study and Review Cards are recommended as well. Flash cards are valuable for reviewing information and are not meant to be a substitute for anatomy texts. Acquiring a good complementary text, such as Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy, is a must for higher level anatomy courses and those interested in or already attending medical school. These resources provide detailed illustrations and pictures of various anatomical structures. Review, Review, Review To really make sure you comprehend the material, you must constantly review what you have learned. It is vital that you attend any and all anatomy review sessions given by your instructor. Be sure to always take practice quizzes before taking any test or quiz. Get together with a study group and quiz each other on the material. If you are taking an anatomy course with a lab, be sure that you prepare for what you are going to be studying before lab class. Stay Ahead With Information The main thing you want to avoid is falling behind. With the volume of information that is covered in most anatomy courses, it is important that you stay ahead and know what you need to know before you need to know it. Know the Human Body at Small and Large Scale Organisms, including humans, are arranged in a hierarchical structure. Tissues Cells compose tissues of the body, which can be categorized into four primary types. These tissue types are epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue. Organs Tissues in turn form organs of the body. Examples  of body organs include the brain, heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, pancreas, thymus, and thyroid. Organ Systems Organ systems are formed from groups of organs and tissues working in conjunction to perform necessary functions for the survival of the organism. Examples of organ systems include the circulatory system, digestive system, endocrine system, nervous system, lymphatic system, skeletal system, and reproductive system.

Where the copy is used and how to captivate an audience Essay

Where the copy is used and how to captivate an audience - Essay Example Copy is the best way possible to present information. In addition, written material serve as evidence to facts about the topic of discussion. Therefore, copy is important as it acts as references where information can be cited to support opinions. Copy can be accessed from books, magazines, and advertisements. All written material ought to be captivating to the audience; hence the need for quality headlines. In any case scenario, the audience will prefer quality to quantity. The quality of a headline makes the story appealing. The headline may be stating a fact or asking a question. For example, an article on teenage pregnancy may have the following headlines- â€Å"64% of teenage mothers do not proceed with tertiary education† or â€Å"Is your daughter safe from teenage pregnancy?† A headline ought to intrigue the audience to make them want to know more about the topic of discussion. The most important aspect about capturing the attention of an audience is making them think that they know how the end will be from the headline. That way, the audience will be excited to know how the story unfolds; hence paying attention for the entire duration. For example, â€Å"The three sides of the coin: Gender-based violence.† The audience would be intrigued to figure out the other side of gender-based violence that is mostly considered a vice. Therefore, headlines on written ma terials form a fundamental platform whereby the audience judges the viability of a story. Even though information is liberating, quality matters over

Exam Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Exam Questions - Assignment Example One of the techniques is to starting the process with individual ideas. Every individual should first put down their own ideas individually. After the first step, everyone should then bring up their ideas. Judgments should be withheld and no one’s ideas should be criticized. This then should ensure that everyone is heard. The group should then go radical and ensure that even the impractical are analyzed for any possibility. There should be emphasis on generation of many ideas as possible. The group should then build on individual ideas. c) The problem solving model can help the management team to gather information on the market and identify possible solutions to their problem. They can then define their issue, gather information and try to brainstorm ideas that can solve the problem on the sale of their product. They will then come up with a solution after critical analysis of several ideas. However they are likely to encounter difficulties in gather adequate information on their problem of their sales. This then will hinder the identification of possible solutions. d) Individuals working on their own should consider identifying the issue at their stake before trying to generate any ideas. After that, the individual should consider the technique of looking at issue on different points of view. This will enable the individual be able to consider several possibilities when generating ideas. a) The characteristics of critical thinking include defining the problem that is at hand and understanding well. Another feature is asking as many questions as possible to get all the necessary information on certain issue. Critical thinking also involves clear analysis of several assumptions and biases on certain ideas. Tolerating ambiguity avoiding emotional reasoning in several cases are also common features of critical thinking. c) Fallacies of relevance are arguments whose premises are logically relevant and are therefore in a position to establish a clear

Contract and Chou Essay Example for Free

Contract and Chou Essay The case scenario under review by our team includes a contract law situation involving a board game company and a game inventor. Big Time Toymaker (BTT) is a board game company which develops, manufactures, and distributes board games, and Chou is the name of the inventor of a new strategy game. In this scenario, what began with a payment made from BTT to Chou for exclusive negotiating rights for 90 days, ended in a change in management at BTT, leading to their company no longer having interest in distributing Chou’s game. Several questions will be asked about the validity of the terms agreed upon by the parties involved, including at what point did the parties have a contract, and what role does the statute of frauds play in this contract? Our objective is to analyze the case scenario, including the previously stated questions, and provide the answers to those and other questions pertaining to the scenario and contract law. Question 1 At what point, if ever, did the parties have a contract? There was mutual agreement between Chou and BTT via verbal agreement, and a subsequent email verifying that an agreement had been tentatively reached. According to the terms of distribution between Chou and BTT a contract was only valid if formalized in writing. An argument may be made that three days prior to the 90 day time limit a mutual agreement was reached and valid via an E-contract law. There was mutual assent between both Chou and BTT. The argument for the other side will state there was never a formalized written contract from either Chou or BTT, only an email with a subject heading stating Strat Deal. Is the email a valid contract? Question 2 What facts may weigh in favor of or against Chou in terms of parties’ objective intent to contract? Facts show that BTT sent an email with a subject heading of Strat Deal with information stating that Chou and BTT have reached an agreement. The writing states that after months of no response from BTT and with no management in place the company no longer wishes to distribute Chou’s intellectual property. Chou was in compliance with BTT at all times regarding issues pertaining to Strat. Chou will allege that there was a contract between himself and BTT that was of mutual assent and under E-contract law the emails were valid. Question 3 Does the fact that the parties were communicating by email have any impact on your analysis in questions 1-2 above? According to CA Civil Code 1624, b 3, a, online contracts are endorsable even if writing is required by the statute of frauds. Communication of contracts is valid under E-contract law. There is no impact on analysis made of above stated questions because of online communication. Question 4 What role does the statute of frauds play in this contract? A key factor in any contract is acceptance, and in this case a verbal agreement had been reached three days before the exclusive negotiation right was expired. Chou then said he was going to draw up the contract. Big Time Toymaker (BTT) then sent Chou an email outlining all of the things that they had agreed upon that would be included in the contract. Seeing the email, Chou then assumed that this was the contract to be enforced and did not respond to BTT. Even though Chou received the email, he did not respond to it, thereby giving Chou the defense that silence is never acceptance. However, in E-contact law dictated by CA Civil Code 1624, b, 3, a, it says that online contracts are endorsable even if writing is required by the statute of frauds. In addition, the â€Å"Click On† or â€Å"Click Wrap† agreement clause states that these agreements are enforceable since the opportunity to read and acknowledge was given. The statutes of frauds do play a part in this contract due to the Uniform Commercial Code requiring that the statute of frauds applies to any contract for the sale of goods for $500 or more. However, the exact amount of â€Å"Strat† units that Big Time Toymaker (BTT) will sell or at what cost of each unit is unclear to the reader, it was described in detail in the email BTT sent to Chou. Question 5 Could BTT avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistake? Explain. The new management at BTT cannot avoid this contract under the doctrine of mistake because a mistake was not made by both Chou and the old management team. The mistake by Chou was accepting the email outline of the contract terms as an actual contract agreed to by both parties. Scienter applies to Chou in this case by accepting a seemingly legitimate contract. Would either party have any other defenses that would allow the contract to be avoided? The change of management brought about individuals bound to the same company as the old management team was, therefore, scienter applies to the new management team in privity. The draft sent from Chou and received by BTT is a negotiable instrument. BTT thereby becomes a holder in due course. The inaction of BTT after the draft was sent is in violation of the UCC requirement that all offers are to be open for a reasonable period of 90 days. Chou was under the impression that a contract had been made before that 90 days had expired. Chou has real defense as well as personal defense due to breach of contract and fraud. Question 6 Assuming, arguendo, that this e-mail does constitute an agreement, what consideration supports this agreement? By law, statute of frauds would support this agreement. Due to the terms, there cannot be a lawsuit that can be upheld on particular contracts or arrangements, except if it is written and signed by the authorized party or representative. Under the statute, certain kinds of contracts have to be in writing in order to be enforceable in a court of law (Contracts: Statute of Frauds, 2013). The writing also has to be signed by the person who is held responsible for the contract or by that persons agent. To evade the justification of the Statute of Frauds, one would need to make sure the contracts are in text and signed by the other party; so, if the opposing party does not hold his or her end of the agreement, one would gain from that particular party. Question Assuming BTT and Chou have a contract, and BTT has breached the contract by not distributing the game, discuss what remedies might or might not apply. It is obvious BTT’s manager did not think clearly about protecting BTT from liability. He carelessly wrote the emails, and his careless actions put BTT at risk. This led Chou to believe that this e-mail was meant to replace the earlier notion that he should draft a contract. Although the word contract was not ever used in the e-mail, it said that all of the terms had been agreed upon. The compensation would be awarded to Chou by the court in a civil action due to the wrongful conduct, being the breach from the other party, BTT. If the contract is breached by BTT, Chou will be granted equitable relief by the court, which comes in the form of specific performance, injunctive relief, or reformation. Monetary damages could also be in effect, in which they can be compensatory, resulting from a loss due to nonperformance. Also, consequential, which are indirect but to be expected from non-completion. Restitution would also take place that would be equivalent to total the party has been unfairly supplemented by the non-breaching party, and liquidated, which damages are a preset value rendering from the agreement. The compensatory damages for recovery Chou suffered by the non-breaching party would be the damages that would be awarded to the party in the same situation he would have been in if the other party had executed as agreed upon (Melvin, 2011). After review of the case scenario involving Big Time Toymaker and Chou the game inventor, we have concluded that not only was there a contract agreement between the parties, but that according to E-contract law, Chou may be bound by the terms included in the original email sent from BTT. In addition, the doctrine of mistake cannot be used in this situation because of scienter toward Chou and the old and new management of BTT. Several questions were asked of our team in accordance with contract law and the scenario provided by the textbook. This completes our analysis of the scenario and answers to the questions we were presented.

The Internet Essay -- Technology Computers Essays

The Internet The Internet and World Wide Web are commonly used words among people today. As a college student especially, the Web and Internet play a huge part of life. What is sometimes tough to realize though is the newness of the Internet and the Web. Because the two have become such a huge part of life, it is shocking to consider that the Internet itself has only been in existence for the past thirty years or so. It is important to understand the history of the Internet and the creation of the Web to better prepare for the future of the two and to ensure that the use of the resources is maximized, focused, and beneficial to all mankind. The History The roots of the internet can be traced to the year 1957. 1957 was a year dedicated to atmospheric research and was the year in which the USSR launched a small orbiting satellite into the Earth’s atmosphere. Shortly after the satellite was launched, the United States created the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Ministry of Defense. This agency was created to number one, protect the U.S. against the threat of technological advances made by other countries and number two, to ensure the United States was keeping on top of state-of-the-art technology. Initially the focus of ARPA was on space, missiles, and nuclear tests. Several scientists worked within the agency along with several sub-contractors to create the latest technology. Even though computing was not the main priority of the agency, directors of the agency had a vision to create a direct link between the computers of the ARPA headquarters and all of its subcontractors. In 1962, John Licklider, an MIT scientist, was appointed by ARPA to lead a computer research development program.... ...22 October 2004. . Internet2. 22 October 2004. . Kristula, Dave. â€Å"The History of the Internet.† March 1997. 21 October 2004. . Leiner, Barry M. and Vinton G. Cerf. â€Å"A Brief History of the Internet.† Internet Society (ISOC). 22 October 2004. . â€Å"Next generation research networks†. Library and Archives Canada. 3 March 2004. 22 October 2004. < http://www.collectionscanada.ca/pubs/netnotes/notes42.htm>. â€Å"Usage and Population Statistics.† Internet World Stats. 22 October 2004. . Webopedia. 23 October 2004. . World Wide Web Consortium. 22 October 2004. .

Personality Disorders

Compare and Contrast Types of Personality Disorders Written Assignment 5: Compare and Contrast Types of Personality Disorders and Identifying the Three Clusters into Which Most Personality Disorders are Grouped By: Keturah Albright Abnormal Psychology HDV-284074-01X-10FA2 Professor/ Instructor: Jonathan Gibralter Compare and Contrast Types of Personality Disorders Personality disorder is defined as, gradual development of inflexible and distorted personality and behavioral patterns that result in persistently maladaptive ways of perceiving, thinking about, and relating to the world. p. 431Butcher, James N. ) It is important to understand the meaning of personality disorder, in order to properly diagnosing a person. Society tends to place this label on individuals who they feel display characteristics resembling a â€Å"personality disorder’. There are three clusters in which personality disorders are placed in. Cluster A: Consists of paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal person ality disorders. People with these disorders often seem odd or eccentric, with unusual behavior ranging from distrust and suspicious to social detachment.Cluster B: Includes histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders. Individuals with these disorders share a tendency to be dramatic, emotional, and erratic. Cluster C: Includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. In Contrast to the other two clusters, people with these disorders often show anxiety and fearlessness. (p 342, Butcher, James N. ) There are some ways in which these three clusters of personality disorders can be compared.All three clusters have personality disorders that would have the person to focus on the needs of themselves and no one else, their needs come first and for most and they may feel justified by their actions. Most of these individuals are said to suffer from, â€Å"chronic interpersonal difficulties and problems with one’s identity or s ense of self. †(p. 341, Butcher, James N. )All three clusters of personality disorders tend to have individuals who lack the ability to function normally in society on a consistent basis.All three clusters mentally have a great false sense of reality that causes them to act in a defensive/protective manner. As well as most of the clusters have symptomatic impulsive behavior. Commonly all three clusters can be treated with some type of therapy. There are also contrasting behavior that defines the different clusters. Cluster A: Feels as though others are mistreating them or taking advantage of them, while Cluster B: bring about physical harm to others with no remorse.Cluster C: Has a need for others to take a lead role in there life for major things, while Cluster B: Seeks to exploit others. Also, Cluster A: Has odd believes and magical thinking that they take confidence in, and Cluster B: Has a fear of being left alone to fend for themselves. In all there are things that can be compared and contrasted with Clusters: A, B, and C, but the main thing to understand is that all of them are real personality disorders that with the proper guidance can be managed with some type of therapy (and depending on the severity, medication as well).Personality disorders if not properly diagnosed could cause great harm to the individual as well as the society in which they live. Reference Butcher, James N. , Mineka, Susan and Hooley, Jill M. (2010). Abnormal Psychology. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon Abnormal Psychology, DVD 105, CDL Course 284074 http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/294307 [pic][pic][pic]

The looks and trends of the 70’s and the 90’s Venice Beach 1970’s

If the 1960’s popularized the vintage look, characterized by heavy makeup, the onset of the 1970’s brought with it a penchant for a more natural look. Unlike the heavily made-up look that was very typical of the previous decades, the emphasis on one particular part of the face such as the eyes or the lips was replaced by trying to achieve a more natural look.   (freebeautytips) Very minimal eye makeup replaced thick eye makeup and heavily-lined eyes. Black kohl-lined eyes soon became dated. Eye shadow shades were worn much lighter to achieve a more natural effect. There was very little to no usage of mascara. Eyeliner and mascara were used not to achieve a certain look but just to lengthen lashes and open up the eyes a bit.   Blue eye makeup became so last season. These tools were used to enhance the features and no longer layered to pull off a certain type of appearance.   Natural looking lips replaced the pale, nude and bright lipstick colors of the past.   Cheeks heavily tinted with blush became a thing of the past, with most of the women, and even men, opting for a more natural, tanned look. The blush of this decade was more of a golden all over glow.   (freebeautytips) During the 1970’s, the â€Å"surfer† look became popular. The beach culture became very predominant. The perfect tan became the most sought-after fashion accessory. The baked look was achieved either by spending hours in the sun to get bronzed or by faking it using tanning beds. It was also during this period skin bronzers became popular. Tanning lotions flew off the shelves. The vibe of this decade was more of a natural, â€Å"fresh off the beach† appearance, although a lot would look a bit â€Å"orange† from the improper application of tanning lotions.   The people of this decade wanted to give the impression that they baked under the sun for hours to get the glow they exuded.   (freebeautytips) Women wore less foundation. Those who did use foundation did not follow it up with powder like they did during the past. To dust loose powder after using foundation would lend a more matte texture. Not dusting the face after applying foundation would result in a shinier face, which was more natural looking. The face of this decade was that of a dewy, more natural look.   (freebeautytips) Individualistic, polished, sophisticated 1990’s The decades that came before the 1990s had people very conscious about fashion. During the 1990’s it seemed that people we’re to â€Å"tired† to pay too much attention to trends as they did in the recent years.   (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) The 1980’s was about exaggerated glamour.   The 1990’s was very casual and laid-back. Emphasis was on comfort, simplicity and less on flamboyance. People wore more jeans and everyone favored easy to manage, wash-and-wear hair.   There is a bit of parallelism between the makeup trends of the 1970’s and 1990’s because both decades were reminiscent of the no-natural looking no-makeup look. The prevailing look was always paired with matte makeup. The foundation was matte and matched the skin tone. As opposed to the soft dewy look of the 1970’s, 1990’s makeup was strong, clean and polished. Strong, earthy lip colors reminiscent of grunge to gothic were the more favored shades for lipstick. During the 90’s the grunge was popular. Matte makeup was back, strong, rich earth tones were in vogue as far as makeup was concerned. There was very minimal to no eye makeup. Colors for eye makeup were neutral and usually coordinated with the lip color. Popular lip colors included strong earthy reds that were more towards the browns. Unlike the previous decades where there was a distinct style where hair and makeup are concerned, the 90’s look was simple, manageable, and polished. The look was designed for the career woman who had to look good and was always on the go.   With more women who chose to pursue their careers, the world of fashion and beauty followed to suit the needs of the modern, empowered women.   Women learned how to quickly apply makeup in a few minutes. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) The preceding years or decades saw women of all ages pile on makeup and beauty products. The women of the 1990’s were more concerned about real beauty and not fashion. The women of the past decades would layer on the makeup, go about their daily business in heavy makeup. This was a far cry in the 1990s. Consumers of this era would opt for enhancing their natural appearance through the use of products that were much lighter and kinder to the skin. This era gave the rise to makeup formulas that promised to cover imperfections without having to use too much products. Cosmetic formulas not only gave the desired coverage but also guaranteed to make one’s skin look more radiant and lighter. Some brands would even claim to diminish the appearance of wrinkles and other flaws. Most of the makeup lines that were created by the top makeup artists and beauty icons of that time and are still very big in the present were launched during this period. Fashion and beauty experts would remember Bobbi Brown and Iman among the names that became big hits during the 90’s fashion era. (Channel 4) Women also paid more attention to the looks of celebrities and would often request hair stylists and makeup artists cut their hair and to make them look like the stars that they admire. The 1990’s was the time when the television comedy sitcom â€Å"Friends† became a hit. The more popular looks during this time included those of Jennifer Aniston and her co-stars Courtney Cox and Lisa Kudrow. During that time, Aniston sported the now famous â€Å"Rachel† cut. Hair was either worn straight with some bangs or cut with layers. The 90’s wouldn’t be the 90’s without the Spice Girls. With the all-female English pop group entering the entertainment scene in the mid 90’s, the looks of each of the girls in the group became popular. Women would want to look sweetly sexy like Emma Bunton as â€Å"Baby Spice†, polished and sophisticated like Victoria Beckham or â€Å"Posh Spice†, sporty and fresh like Melanie Chisholm or â€Å"Sporty Spice† , and dark and exotic like Melanie Brown, also known as â€Å"Scary Spice†   (Wikipedia) The different looks that each of the Spice Girls made popular also gave rise to individualism or developing own’s one style when it comes to fashion and makeup.   (Wikipedia) More than being stars in the big and small screen, actors and actresses increasingly became the more popular and more watched fashion icons. Whatever they wore and however they looked became the prevalent trend of the era. Hollywood actors and actresses became fashion and beauty icons alongside the supermodels of the runway. Actresses started to grace the covers of fashion magazines more during the 1990s. This observable fact still continues until the present time (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) Works Cited Channel 4. 1990s. 2007. 18 June 2007 freebeautytips. 1970s Style Disco Makeup and Era Fashions that have a Vintage Flair. 2007. 17 June 2007 . Wikipedia. Spice Girls . 2007. 18 June 2007 . Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 1990s in fashion. 2007. 17 June 2007 .      

Free Essays on Mahatma Gandhi

Without question, Mahatma Gandhi is the quintessence of peaceful protest and humanity. He led India to independence from Great Britain and in his 79 years on this planet, he achieved so much more than he could have possibly anticipated. In his Hind Swaraj, or the Indian Home Rule written in 1909, Gandhi explains his concepts of self rule. Gandhi was a firm believer of many things. He gave up practically all of his belongings and clothes, despite coming from a rather wealthy back round. Some of his beliefs are  ¡Ã‚ §ahimsa ¡Ã‚ ¨, or non-violence, truth=god, to be fearless, chastity, character, not fighting injustice is cowardice, fight the system not the people, do not judge others, practice what you preach, and fasting. He practiced all of these beliefs and incorporated all of them in his book in which he wrote on board of a ship during his trip from England to South Africa after a mission. His writings, actions, and presence alone affected the lives of millions. Gandhi used his peaceful, anti-war attitude in a positive way. Instead of fighting violence with even harsher violence, he fought it with his mind. With protests, speeches, and sometimes clever/humorous negotiation tactics, he was somewhat of a guerilla. During the Great Salt Yatra (march) of 1930, the British denied the people of India from making salt because they were making too good of a living (in their eyes) of doing it, so the British put a ban on salt making. Gandhi led a 240 mile walk in a peaceful protest against the British parliament. During this march, there were hundreds of thousands arrested, but his point was clear. Through chastity, poverty, truth, and fearlessness, Gandhi adopted four very powerful weapons of passive resistance. This led him to campaign against the British made goods, schools, offices ¡K etc. What made Gandhi such an important figure was that people saw him give up everything material worth value in his life to have nothin... Free Essays on Mahatma Gandhi Free Essays on Mahatma Gandhi Without question, Mahatma Gandhi is the quintessence of peaceful protest and humanity. He led India to independence from Great Britain and in his 79 years on this planet, he achieved so much more than he could have possibly anticipated. In his Hind Swaraj, or the Indian Home Rule written in 1909, Gandhi explains his concepts of self rule. Gandhi was a firm believer of many things. He gave up practically all of his belongings and clothes, despite coming from a rather wealthy back round. Some of his beliefs are  ¡Ã‚ §ahimsa ¡Ã‚ ¨, or non-violence, truth=god, to be fearless, chastity, character, not fighting injustice is cowardice, fight the system not the people, do not judge others, practice what you preach, and fasting. He practiced all of these beliefs and incorporated all of them in his book in which he wrote on board of a ship during his trip from England to South Africa after a mission. His writings, actions, and presence alone affected the lives of millions. Gandhi used his peaceful, anti-war attitude in a positive way. Instead of fighting violence with even harsher violence, he fought it with his mind. With protests, speeches, and sometimes clever/humorous negotiation tactics, he was somewhat of a guerilla. During the Great Salt Yatra (march) of 1930, the British denied the people of India from making salt because they were making too good of a living (in their eyes) of doing it, so the British put a ban on salt making. Gandhi led a 240 mile walk in a peaceful protest against the British parliament. During this march, there were hundreds of thousands arrested, but his point was clear. Through chastity, poverty, truth, and fearlessness, Gandhi adopted four very powerful weapons of passive resistance. This led him to campaign against the British made goods, schools, offices ¡K etc. What made Gandhi such an important figure was that people saw him give up everything material worth value in his life to have nothin...

48 Inspiring, Wise, and Witty Quotes to End Your Emails

48 Inspiring, Wise, and Witty Quotes to End Your Emails Your email signature- an optional footer you can add to every message you send out- is an ideal place to put your name and contact information, so people can easily reach you in a variety of ways. If youre using personal email, its also a field where you might add a quote- a few short words that are inspiring, wise, or humorous to enlighten the reader. The remarks of famous writers, politicians, activists, and entertainers can serve as personal statements in the digital age. Find a quote that speaks to you and then use it as a sign-off at the end of your emails. Inspiring Quotes These quotes from Maya Angelou to Confucius to Mark Twain were handpicked to help the seeker in all of us- to keep us bounding forward even during the most challenging days. Maya Angelou We may encounter many defeats, but we must not be defeated. Walter Bagehot The great pleasure in life is doing what people say you cannot do. Simone de Beauvoir Change your life today. Dont gamble on the future, act now, without delay. Josh Billings To bring up a child in the way he should go, travel that way yourself once in a while. Confucius The more man meditates upon good thoughts, the better will be his world and the world at large. William Hazlitt The more we do, the more we can do. Gary Player The harder you work, the luckier you get. Jim Rohn Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishment. Eleanor Roosevelt With the new day comes new strength and new thoughts. Charles R. Swindoll Life is 10 percent what happens to you and 90 percent how you react to it. Rabindranath Tagore You cant cross the sea merely by standing and staring at the water. Mark Twain The secret of getting ahead is getting started. Wise Quotes An email signature can be a place to share a nugget of wisdom, something that expresses your personal values or outlook on life. If you work in education, you might choose a quote about teaching or learning. If youre a writer or a painter, you might choose a quote about the power of art. Bill Clinton There is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America. Paul Ehrlich To err is human, but to really foul things up you need a computer. Euripides Friends show their love in times of trouble, not in happiness. Robert Frost In three words I can sum up everything Ive learned about life. It goes on. Gandhi There are limits to self-indulgence, none to self-restraint. Khalil Gibran The teacher who is indeed wise does not bid you to enter the house of his wisdom but rather leads you to the threshold of your mind. Omar Khayyam Be happy for this moment. This moment is your life. Thomas La Mance Life is what happens to us while we are making other plans. Jawaharlal Nehru Life is like a game of cards. The hand that is dealt you represents determinism; the way you play it is free will. General George S. Patton Jr. Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity. Pablo Picasso The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls. Josiah Royce Thinking is like loving and dying. Each of us must do it for himself. Rumi Let the beauty of what you love be what you do. Bertrand Russell No one gossips about other peoples secret virtues. George Sand There is only one happiness in this life, to love and be loved. William Shakespeare A fool thinks himself to be wise, but a wise man knows himself to be a fool. Robert S. Surtees It is better to be killed than frightened to death. Oscar Wilde Keep love in your heart. A life without it is like a sunless garden when the flowers are dead. William Butler Yeats Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. Witty Quotes Email signatures dont have to be serious. If youre known for being lighthearted and making people laugh, you might be happier using a funny email signature, such as a quote from a comedian. A snappy one-liner or a clever zinger can leave the person on the other end with a smile- just be sure you know your audience well. Fred Allen I dont want to own anything that wont fit into my coffin. Woody Allen I am thankful for laughter, except when milk comes out of my nose. Louis Hector Berlioz Time is a great teacher, but unfortunately, it kills all its pupils. Red Buttons Never raise your hands to your kids. It leaves your groin unprotected. George Carlin The day after tomorrow is the third day of the rest of your life. Lawrence Ferlinghetti If youre too open-minded, your brains will fall out. Carrie Fisher Instant gratification takes too long. Benjamin Franklin Keep your eyes wide open before marriage, and half-shut afterward. Fran Lebowitz Youre only as good as your last haircut. P.J. ORourke Cleanliness becomes more important when godliness is unlikely. Charles M. Schulz I never made a mistake in my life. I thought I did once, but I was wrong. George Bernard Shaw Youth is wasted on the young. Lily Tomlin Man invented language to satisfy his deep need to complain. Mark Twain Go to Heaven for the climate, Hell for the company. Never put off until tomorrow what you can do the day after tomorrow. Mae West I generally avoid temptation unless I cant resist it. Steven Wright If at first you dont succeed, then skydiving definitely isnt for you.

Discussion of 2 poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion of 2 poems - Essay Example One of the bold statements made about fame in a negative manner is that of the poet Emily Dickenson. She uses metaphor to liken fame to a bee. It is known that a bee can be deadly and that is how the poet wants to paint what this most sought status really is. She implies that behind the good things that people see in fame, things are not always as they seem. Therefore, she uses figurative speech to catch the attention of her audience. Dickenson’s â€Å"Fame is a Bee† is a very short poem but it says a lot of things. The author effectively expressed her thoughts with four lines only by using simple but meaningful words. The analogy therefore is not difficult to understand rather could be easily seen by any observant. It does not even need keen observation in order for a person to be able to associate the characteristics of a bee to fame because it is explicitly mentioned to make things clearly and easily understood by readers. On the other hand, Edna St. Vincent Millay talks about love in her poem â€Å"Love is Not All†. Similarly, she speaks about the unfavorable side of love. For many people, when love is mentioned, they would think about passion and all the good feelings love brings. People easily create a positive attitude toward the subject matter because they associate it with the satisfaction derived from relationships formed through what is known as love. Nevertheless, Millay presents it differently. She draws the attention of her readers to the other side of the coin. She also uses metaphor to express her thoughts. However, unlike Dickenson, Millay uses negation to show her point. On the seventh line, Millay shifts her tone to a more serious one, mentioning death which could not have been expected at all when love is to be mentioned. The poet tries to draw her reader’s attention to the fact that behind every good thing, there is something that is not desirable yet every individual has to

Empire Windrush Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Empire Windrush - Essay Example The continuous process of the country's growth is a never-ending process, which accounts for the present societal circumstance the Empire has. Its multicultural affinity to various regions in the world has opened up countless opportunities towards improvement of the living standards in Britain. At present, more than 5% of the British population originated from parentage that is predominantly non-British. These include the Chinese, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Russian, Africans and Americans (Schiavone, 2003). Also, the number of overseas workers continues to surge ahead. This openness to diverse cultures has paved way for the present status of Britain constituting of different mixtures of excellent methods of civilisation. In addition to that, it also gave way for the country's rich knowledge in different fields including international marketing. Truly, the cultural affinity of the country has led to knowledge cultivation that the country presently enjoys and utilizes towards prov iding a higher degree of citizen satisfaction. Incontestably, the modern Britain owes its current prominence to its history. Britain's rich history is indeed one of the major contributing factors to the country's high quality of life. Judging by its wealthy heritage, numerous historians have long predicted the respectability that previously awaited the country. Indeed, one of the strongest bases for such predictions is the Empire Windrush. The Empire Windrush is a gigantic ship that sailed from Britain to different parts of the world. It is a significant landmark in the multiculturalism background of modern Britain (Kurdi, 2000). The ship Empire Windrush brought the first group of approximately five hundred immigrants to Tilbury near London on June 22, 1948. The Windrush was en route from Australia to England via the Atlantic, docking in Kingston, Jamaica. An advertisement had appeared in a Jamaica newspaper offering cheap transport on the ship for anybody who wanted to come and work in the UK. There was plenty of work in post war Britain and industries such as British Rail, the National Health Service and public transport recruited almost exclusively from Jamaica and Barbados. Though African-Caribbean were encouraged to journey to Britain via immigration campaigns created by successive British governments, many new arrivals were to endure intolerance and extreme racism from certain sectors of indigenous British society. This was to mark African-Caribbean relations with the wider community over a long period. Early African-Carribean immigrants found private employment and housing denied to them on the basis o f race. Housing was in short supply following the wartime bombing, and the shortage led to some of the first clashes with the established white community. Clashes continued and worsened into the 1950s, and there were riots in cities including London, Birmingham and Nottingham. The Second World War paved way for a number of number of outlets including science, technology, art, literature, culture and most of all socio-economic development in a distinct manner. It should be noted immigration changes the demography of a nation and why only demography It influences the local population in a diverse manner whereby the immigrants, though economically backward, generally, bring in their exotic culture and distinct

Reliability and Validity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reliability and Validity - Assignment Example For the diagnosis to be termed accurate, the features identified have to be same every time if the test is to be termed reliable. This is measured by a correlation between the two test outcomes over all the participants. This method expresses the generalisability of the test scores over different test occasions by assessing stability of the test outcomes (Hempel, 2005). Hempel (2005) explains that this method of testing reliability varies with the type of tests, i.e. ability or traits and attitudes or states assessment. In both cases, repetitive responses based on previous memory is a high possibility thereby giving incorrect measures of reliability. Secondly, the traits tend to change with time, and this would depict low reliability measure, which is again incorrect (Garb, 2002). In such cases, the time period between the tests needs to be recorded appropriately in order to obtain accurate reliability measure. In case of validity, the test should be able to measure what is intended to be measured with minimum or no possibilities of change in behaviors. Reliability of the test decides the amount of correction and incorrect decisions that are made as an outcome of the test. Therefore, reliability is necessary for confirming validity. At the same time, validity of results obtained from this method is higher when the time gap is minimal; however, this minimum time varies with situation or behavior being

Importance of Language on Literacy Development of Deaf Child

Importance of Language on Literacy Development of Deaf Child A relationship between language and text needs to be established to become literate. What specific challenges may deaf children face in forming this relationship? How may such skills be developed in deaf children? As there is an increasing number of deaf children being identified and amplified at an earlier age and with the quality of this amplification improving, the expectation that these children develop at a similar rate academically to their hearing peers has become more explicit. Sadly, this is not always the case. In this essay, I will be focusing on the challenges deaf children face when obtaining literacy skills and how the relationship between language and text can be developed. Being literate is much more than the ability to decode print into words. Connie Mayer (2007) stated that Writing systems have evolved to encode spoken language, and even the one major system that has appeared to be an exception, Chinese, turns out to be a more complex case, based generally on spoken language morphology and phonology. This means that to become literate, an individual most first have access to the language that is being decoded, which for some deaf children is one of the first obstacles they will face in the development of their literacy skills. There is a vast amount of research available that discusses how childrens abilities to learn reading and writing is influenced by their early experiences in life. Goberis et al. (2012) investigated the complex language of hearing, hard of hearing and deaf children using a pragmatics check list. They discovered that a hearing child acquires the ability to use complex language, including basic syntax and age appropriate vocabulary in socially appropriate situations between the age of 3 and 4 years old. Sadly deaf and hard of hearing children acquired these skills much later in life, even when strategies had been put in place and these then cause challenges in writing and abstract conversational dialogue. Swanwick and Watson (2007) looked at how book sharing can positively impact a deaf childs literacy and language development and noted that both oral and signed parents created a shared interaction that allowed for sharing meaning and attention between parent and child in a physical setting that allowed for closeness. When parents are using BSL to share stories, the child is often placed opposite the adult to ensure they can see the signs, where hearing and oral story tellers usually sit adjacent to one another, which allows for a better listening position. Swanwick and Watson observed that parents using oral English tended to stick to the written story and explored the vocabulary and sounds through turn taking and interacting, where the parents using BSL did not always follow the text and retold the story using their own signs without using voice or lip patterns. Their focus was to share the actual story rather than sharing the written text and the parents were ensuring children unde rstood the story cognitively by asking the children to repeat the signs used. Parents who used oral English emphasised the actual written text and thus focussed on the active listening skills of the child, which means the focus was on the literacy and language skills, instead of the story. This study shows that the parents of these children had a view and approach towards their childs literacy development but were not always focussing on all aspects when sharing a text. However, it is important to note that the parents involved in this study were all very involved in their childs early literacy development and results might have been different if the participants came from a background where oral retelling took priority over sharing written text or households where parents do not recognise the potential value of childrens picture books. As a teacher of the deaf, it is crucial to support and encourage parents to discuss a range of linguistic skills including pragmatics, syntax, graph ophonical knowledge and semantics but most importantly to encourage a love of reading by repeating favourite books, which Sulzby (1993) stated builds a rich vocabulary and by singing nursery rhymes and clapping games with repeated patterns to further develop early language skills or to attend reading and story activity groups at a local library or play group. There is plenty of research that shows that shared reading or interactive story book reading has a huge impact on childrens early literacy development and show the benefits of these social interactions around stories and text, allowing the child to understand that text and language are connected. (Yaden, Smolkin, Conlon, 1989) Frequent and effective shared reading during the first 6 years of a childs life aids the development of vocabulary, labelling, and oral and written abilties. Crain-Thorensen, Dahlin and Powell (2001) also proved that parents and caregivers use more complex language when book sharing and thus children get the opportunity to be exposed to new vocabulary which they might not encounter in their day to day life. Justice et al. (2005) conducted a study regarding parents sharing books with hearing and deaf children and concluded that storybooks can provide a wealth of new vocabulary for children. She noted that deaf children responded less to implicit questions than hearing children and showed that parental scaffolding was a key element in word recall for deaf children, where joint attention was more important for hearing children. This shows that the parents of deaf children had to ensure they were building on their childrens prior knowledge to ensure they understood the language and vocabulary in the story told. She concluded that shared reading, retelling and discussing stories are paramount for early reading development. When sharing a book, the opportunity should be used to take turns discussing vocabulary, events and characters in the book and ensuring that both explicit and implicit questions are asked, suitable to the childs current abilities. The First Steps Viewing Map of Development shows that literacy acquisition is a linear process that develops a childs use of texts, understanding of the context, understanding of conventions and development of the use of a range of strategies to extract meaning from print. Williams (2004) mentions that deaf children progress at a similar level as hearing children in their development of early reading and writing, however several cases studies, such as Traxler (2000) and Marschark, Lang Alertini (2002) showed that a high percentage of deaf children graduated with a considerably lower literacy ability than their hearing peer, suggesting that their learning trajectories later changed drastically. One must consider, though, that recent advances in audiological equipment and management might show different results in more recent longitudal studies. Reading requires a combination of several complex skills. Adams (2001) stated that to learn to read one must be have a context processor to be able to interpret the text, a semantic processor to understand the meaning of words, an orthographic processor to be able to recognise and identify the letters and spellings and a phonological processor to identify the speech sounds, which requires adequate audiological amplification or access to other abilities such as cued speech. When it comes to emergent reading, one of the first skills a child must master is recognizing the letters of the alphabets and knowing that these letters are linked to 44 sounds in the English language, which then in turn can be put together to form words. Hearing children and those with early adequate amplification will begin to recognize certain letters and sounds in their own names and some keywords they might have been taught through rhymes or songs. To aid this early process, the child should be encouraged to say the phonemes in the word and then repeat them to see if they can hear which word it makes. It sometimes helps if the adult repeats the sounds so the child can focus on hearing the word. Another strategy is finding familiar letter patterns in words to aid with blending, such as cat, pat, mat, sat. This could also be turned into a little game where the initial sound is changed to see how many real and nonsense words can be made. Kyle and Harris (2011) noted that hard of hearing and deaf children cannot hear all these sounds, despite using audiological equipment and thus other strategies are needed to support them. Visual phonics is one of the strategies that can be used to help deaf and hard of hearing children to learn phonics by combining handcues and written symbols to aid phonetic awareness and decoding skills. Shared reading has also been shown to aid the development of phonological awareness in both hearing and deaf children, especially where parents take the time to point out sounds children are familiar with and getting them to recall and blend familiar sound patterns. Once the initial recognition of print and understanding of the alphabet and their related sounds has been formed, the child should, through frequent exposure to written words in signs, shared books, labels, etc,. be able to recall an increasing number of high frequency words and words that can be blended phonologically. The focus of reading activities then shift towards understanding that text carries meaning, rather than simply reading word for word. Reading books for the children at this skill level generally have smaller print and more complex sentence structures and fewer illustrations. Kyle and Harris (2010) conducted a longitudal study to investigate reading and spelling abilities of emergent deaf children. They found out that at first, deaf children applied a whole word strategy to reading, however after 2 years of learning they were using a more alphabetic reading strategy based on phonological representations derived from speech reading skills. However, hearing children applied this alphabetic ability based on speechreading from the first year of reading, hence different reading strategies were applied by hearing and deaf children. This made them conclude that If the information derived through speechreading is incorporated into underlying phonological representations, which in turn are used to support the phonological judgments required to complete phonological awareness tasks, then it is plausible that speechreading could be a strong initial predictor of reading in both deaf and hearing. In addition, for the deaf children, speechreading could essentially act as a marker or proxy for the quality of the underlying phonological representations (Kyle and Harris, 2010, p.14) Unfortunately, the deaf and hearing children in this study were picked by their class teachers and thus their reading abilities were not always as closely matched as initially intended. In a study by Bouton et al. (2011) it was discovered that children with cochlear implants greatly benefited from learning cued speech. Cued speech shows a hearing child hand movements near the mouth to clarify lip and mouth movements so they can have a visual aid to better grasp lip reading. Bourton et al. found that cued speech improved the CI childrens performance in reading tasks and phonetical awareness, compared to CI children who had not been exposed to cued speech. Additional research into the link between cued speech and phonetical awareness, spelling and reading abilities is required, however it does show that offering a CI child additional support through cued speech can have a positive impact on their language and literacy development. Once children have mastered the word attack skills they are then faced by longer and more complex texts which require a greater understanding of the world and fewer illustrations as prompts. At this stage, young readers will need to comprehend a huge variety of phrases and clauses to understand the meaning of the text and recognising that text can come in a variety of different genres and serve different purposes. To support deaf childrens understanding, it is important that as a teacher of the deaf, a variety of strategies are offered to ensure the child fully understand the texts they are working with. These strategies include giving the child the opportunity to retell the story in his/her own words, sequencing key elements of the text, discussing characters and settings and ensuring the child understand the vocabulary by clarifying and offering synonyms or visual representations. The child should be given the opportunity to ask and answer questions and to predict what might happen next. Another strategy is linking the key elements of the story with their own personal experiences or other stories familiar to the child, to allow the child to expand and comment on what has been read. Once the child becomes a fluent reader, the focus shifts from being able to read to understanding the text and utilising it for further personal development. With this also comes the realisation that reading have a multitude of functions, such as reading for pleasure, deriving information, receiving instructions and interacting with a multitude of devices and multimedia platforms. Sadly, the transition from emergent to fluent reader does not always happen as smoothly as desired for deaf children. Geers and Hayes (2011) conducted a study with early implanted deaf adolescents to see if they managed to keep their academic trajectory in literacy skills at a consistent level with their hearing peers and to investigate to what degree the childs phonological skills and family characteristics influenced their literacy development. Geers and Hayes discovered that early implanted children who were classed as age related in their phonological awareness in preschool, managed to make age appropri ate progress compared to their hearing peers as adolescents with good audiological management and family support, however they did not perform as well on spelling and expository writing and they discovered that the development of phonological awareness is crucial to literacy success. Due to an increasing number of children being implanted prior to 12 months of age thanks to the Infant Screening Programme, it would be interesting to repeat this study with a cohort that was implanted sooner in life. Being literate does not simply comprise of being able to read print. Reading and writing have often been said to go hand in hand and develop linearly. Mayer (2010) noted that there has been considerably little research in the implications of deafness on writing development and most of the research that has been published focusses primarily on spelling rather than writing composition. It is clear that children learn that writing carries meaning and that it is a useful tool for communication. There is debate about the multitude of strategies available for teaching reading and writing, for example phonological approaches or visual orthographic strategies. Simply learning how to spell words is not sufficient to become literate. The English language has a complex system of syntax and grammar. Cormier et al (2012) investigated the impact of age of acquisition of a signed language on grammatical abilities in deaf children. He noted that successfully acquiring a language, signed or oral, is crucial to developing grammatical awareness of that language and successfully acquiring a second language, i.e. BSL or English depending on L1. Grosjean (2001) also commented that bilingual education is a deaf childs best chance of acquiring good literacy skills in both signed and written/spoken languages, however it is important to note that it is the parents right to choose the preferred communication method for their child. Miller (2005) also found that elementary children were able to find meaning in sentences by using the meaning of the actual words in these sentences but lacked the ability to process syntactic information. These studies show that a greater focus needs to be on the acquisition of grammatical awareness and syntax to ensure that deaf children get a greater understanding of the complex language structures in written texts. Further developing a childs spoken language will aid their abilities to produce more complex written sentences and therefor reduce the amount o f baked sentences, e.g. using the same sentence starters over and over again such as I like or I can. To ensure an adequate support programme is put in place for the deaf child, it is paramount that the teacher of the deaf thoroughly assesses the current reading and writing skills and language abilities, both receptive and expressive, of the child and has a good understanding of the support the child receives at home and in the class room. The childs specific characteristics, attitudes to learning, preferred learning styles and personal, social and emotional development and their strengths and weaknesses are all crucial in a whole child approach towards progress. The teacher of the deaf should work together with parents, schools and other agencies to ensure the best strategies are put in place for the child. Goberis et al. (2012) suggested that parents should target specific language skills at home using natural, day to day opportunities and the teachers should be given strategies to practise in the class room environment. It must be stressed that speech intelligibility does not give a clear picture of the childs actual language abilities and time should be spend finding out where the strengths and weaknesses lay, especially when it comes to pragmatic language skills, grammar and vocabulary. Some of the strategies to put in place to further develop language could be following instructions and then allowing the child the opportunity to give instructions too to further develop the childs theory of mind. The child should be encouraged to provide instructions that are clear and have sufficient information for the other person to follow. This coul d be scaffolded by adding picutres at first so the child can have a visual representation prior to building the sentences. Playing playground games or very easy board games are a great way to develop instructional language as a set of rules must be followed to be successful. The child could also be encouraged to explain the game to a peer with the help of an adult. Goberis et al. (2012) also states that it is important to encourage deaf children to answer why questions and ask them to consider options or discussing cause and effect of certain behaviours. They must also develop the recognition that other children might have a different point of view and talkinga bout other childrens likes and dislikes will allow them to further develop their pragmatic skills and allows them to develop their theory of mind. Categorization is also an important step in language development. Playing sorting games or guessing games can help the child build these categories in their minds. It is also impor tant for them to learn that not all statements are true and they must consider whether the information given to them is factual or not. References: Alvord, S ; Adams, W ; Barker, R ; Garner, B ; Rosengren, K ; Shaver, G, (2001), Relationship between WRAML and NEPSY subtest performance and reading acquisition in early elementary school children , Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vol. 16(8), pp.773-787 [Peer Reviewed Journal] Bouton, S., Bertoncini, J., Serniclaes, W. and Cole, P. (2011) Reading and reading-related skills in children using Cochlear Implants: Prospects for the influence of cued speech, Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, Vol. 16(4), pp.458-473 [Peer Reviewed Journal] Cormier, K., Schembri, A., Vinson, D. and Orfanidou, E. (2012) First language acquisition differs from second language acquisition in prelingually deaf signers: Evidence from sensitivity to grammaticality judgement in British sign language, Cognition, Vol.124(1), p.50-65 [Peer Reviewed Journal] Crain-Thoreson, C., Dahlin, M.P. and Powell, T.A. (2001) Parent-child interaction in Three conversational contexts: Variations in style and strategy, New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2001(92), p. 23. discussion 91-8 [Peer Reviewed Journal] Geers, A.E. and Hayes, H. (2011) Reading, writing, and Phonological processing skills of adolescents with 10 or more years of Cochlear implant experience, Ear and Hearing, Vol.32(1 Suppl), pp.49S-59S [Peer Reviewed Journal] Goberis, D., Beams, D., Dalpes, M., Abrisch, A., Baca, R. and Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (2012) The missing link in language development of deaf and hard of hearing children: Pragmatic language development, Seminars in Speech and Language, Vol.33(4), pp.297-309 [Peer Reviewed Journal] Grosjean, F. (2001) The right of the deaf child to grow up bilingual, Sign Language Studies, 1(2), pp.110-114. Justice, L.M., Meier, J. and Walpole, S. (2005) Learning new words from Storybooks, Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, Vol. 36, pp.17-32 Kyle, F.E. and Harris, M. (2011) Longitudinal patterns of emerging literacy in beginning deaf and hearing readers, Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, Vol. 16(3), pp. 289-304. Marschark, M., Lang, H., Albertini, J. (2002). Educating deaf students: From research to practice. New York: Oxford University Press Mayer, C. (2007) What really matters in the early literacy development of deaf children, Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, , Vol. 12, No. 4 (FALL 2007), pp. 411-431 Miller, P. (2005) Reading comprehension and its relation to the quality of functional hearing: Evidence from readers with different functional hearing abilities, American Annals of the Deaf, Vol. 150(3), pp. 305-323 Perfetti, C.A. (2000) Reading Optimally builds on spoken language: Implications for deaf readers, Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, Vol. 5(1), pp. 32-50 [Peer Reviewed Journal] Sulzby, E., Edwards, P. A. (1993). The role of parents in supporting literacy development. In B. Spodek O. N. Saracho (Eds.), Language and literacy in early childhood education (pp. 156-177). New York: Teachers College Press. Swanwick, R. and Watson, L. (2007) Parents sharing books with young deaf children in spoken English and in BSL: The common and diverse features of different language settings, Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, Vol. 12(3), pp. 385-405 [Peer Reviewed Journal] Traxler, C.B. (2000) The Stanford Achievement test, 9th edition: National Norming and performance standards for deaf and hard-of-hearing students, Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 5(4), pp. 337-348 Williams, C. and Mayer, C. (2015) Writing in young deaf children, Review of Educational Research, Vol. 85(4), pp. 630-666 [Peer Reviewed Journal] Yaden, D.B., Smolkin, L.B. and Conlon, A. (1989) Preschoolers questions about pictures, print conventions, and story text during reading aloud at home, Reading Research Quarterly, 24(2), p. 188.

The ECommerce Environment of Singapore Essay -- GCSE Business Marketin

The ECommerce Environment of Singapore Geography The Republic of Singapore is located in southeast Asia, south of Malaysia and northwest of Indonesia. The island measures a total of 637 square kilometers with a coastline 193 kilometers long. Singapore is generally comprised of lowland areas with a central plateau in the middle of the island. Its elevation ranges from the Bukit Timah, (166 m.), to the Singapore Strait which is at sea level. Its climate is tropical and wet. Precipitation occurs on 40% of all days, (70% of days in April). Singapore's two biggest natural recourses are its fishing industry, and its deep water ports. Singapore is also a focal point for most Southeast Asian sea routes. History Singapore was originally settled by Great Britain in 1819 as a port of call. The British used Singapore to extend their territories in Indonesia. It remained under British rule until 1941 when Japan bombed and captured Singapore. After three years of Japanese rule, British forces returned to the island. By this time Singapore was longing for self-government. Singapore realized its need for independence in 1959 holding its first general election. The new, independent Singapore was voted into the United Nations in 1965. On December 22, 1965, Singapore became a republic electing Yusof bin Ishak as its first president. Infrastructure In Singapore's short life as a republic, it has developed a sound infrastructure. In the way of transportation, Singapore has a total of 105 kilometers of railways used for commercial and personal transportation. It has also built over 3,000 kilometers of highways, 2,936 of which are paved. Singapore also boasts a 67 kilometer mass transit system with 42 stations. The mass transit system is the preferred means of travel in Singapore due to the fact that only one of every ten people own an automobile. Singapore produces 28 billion kilowatts of electricity annually. One hundred percent of Singapore's electricity is produced by means of fossil fuel. An estimated 97% of all residents live in households with electricity and running water. Singapore's leading industries include: electronics, petroleum refining, oil drilling equipment, rubber products and rubber processing, processed food and beverages, ship repair, entrepot trade, biotechnology, and financial services. Technological Infrast... ...panding Connections Singapore's current US connection of 45 Mbps is growing everyday. Local internet providers have begun expanding their connection speed and size through the use of satellite links. It is estimated that in the next ten years the number of internet connections in Singapore will almost be double what it is today. Summary Electronic Commerce is changing the way business is conducted today. Singapore has positioned itself to become a major part of the E-business trend. Developing technology, government support, and growing internet awareness make Singapore an ideal environment in which E-commerce can thrive. Lee Yock Suan sums up Singapore's E-commerce environment by saying ,"We want to be plugged into this global development, and position Singapore as an international E-commerce hub." References WWW.Singstat.gov 202.42.217.232/ WWW.Geography.com.sg WWW.TheStandard.com Rajakru, Dang Journal of Contemporary Asia, vol 26, 1996, p. 3-27 The state, family and industrial development: the Singapore case. Graham, Mark Industry Week, vol 249 no 7, 2000,p. 37-40 Singapore lures technology: it's clean, green -- and a powerful machine.

Pschology Module 27: Thinking, Language and Intelligence The Availability Heuristic Essay

Availability Heuristic: A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that comes to mind. When you are trying to make a decision, a number of related events or situations might immediately spring to the forefront of your thoughts. As a result, you might judge that those events are more frequent and possible than others. You give greater trust to this information and tend to overestimate the probability and likelihood of similar things happening in the future. Examples After seeing news reports about people losing their jobs, you might start to believe that you are in danger of being laid-off. You start lying awake in bed each night worrying that you are about to be fired. After seeing several television programs on shark attacks, you start to think that such incidences are relatively common. When you go on vacation, you refuse to swim in the ocean because you believe the probability of a shark attack is high. After reading an article about lottery winners, you start to overestimate your own likelihood of winning the jackpot. You start spending more money than you should each week on lottery tickets. Availability heuristic influences our decisionns and judgments by remembering something that shapes our impression to make these decisions and lead us astray in our judgments that makes information pop into our minds. Availability heuristic leads us to fear the wrong things and we shouldn’t always fear everything. Four influences that feed fear and cause us to ignore higher risks 1. We fear what our ancestral history has prepared us to fear (Confinement and heights, and therefore flying) 2. We fear what we cannot control (We can control a car by driving but not a plane) 3. We fear what is immediate (Teens are indifferent to smoking’s toxicity because they live more for the present than the distant future) 4. We fear what is most readily available in memory (Availability Heuristic) (Scary, vivid images like 9/11 cause our judgments of risk, we remember and fear natural disasters like hurricanes tornados and earthquakes that kill people instantly)

Business Explore

The rise of integrated reporting and increased investor focus on extra-financial factors are part of a new global attitude toward business. One example of this trend is provided by research from Ceres, an advocacy organization for sustainability leadership, into the evolution of sustainability practice in companies (Ceres, 2014; Ceres & Ramani, 2015). To understand what makes some companies more useful when it comes to delivering sustainability performance without sacrificing mission, Ceres focused its studies on how boards and directors provide oversight for sustainability. Their research discovered that by making both executives and governing boards formally accountable for sustainability performance, organizations can face the increasing pressure to deliver on sustainability and maintain social mission. Governance practices can provide a framework for building mission into the DNA of organizations. To take this inquiry further, more research is needed to capture current learning across sectors and to identify mission-supportive governance practice as it evolves. Sharing this information with budding social entrepreneurs, MBA students and investors, to increase their understanding of governance as a solution to mission challenges, could help develop more sophisticated attitudes toward the role of governance across the sector. Additionally, more research into Mission monitoring that makes use of metrics and enables governing boards and managers to evaluate mission alongside financial performance and deliver oversight and accountability in both areas is needed. Investor engagement is another area where more research could be beneficial. As the sector continues to expand into the mainstream, new investors will be joining the boards of growing social entrepreneurships and exerting their influence. More work on how the leaders of these organizations can create proactive strategies to identify investors who align with the mission and negotiate favorable terms for mission preservation would be welcome. More research into how investor behavior, and the impact that has on mission preservation, could yield clues as to why so many businesses find mission pushed to the margins as they grow. There is also room for developing practical resources to help social entrepreneurships establish effective investor engagement and communication strategies. As the sector matures, finding the right people remains challenging for organizations in the hectic scaling stage. More extensive use of skills matrices—and matrices developed especially for mission-driven businesses—could help. A specialist referral service, online skills bank or recruiting agency could be established to connect organizations with appropriate candidates.

Wentworth Medical Center Essay Example

Wentworth Medical Center Essay Example Wentworth Medical Center Paper Wentworth Medical Center Paper Essay Topic: Medical In this case we looked at data from a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, sociologists and physicians at the Wentworth Medical Center in upstate New York investigated the relationship between geographic location and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 were residents of Florida, 20 were residents of New York, and 20 were residents of North Carolina. From the data collected we could know that the higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. The descriptive statistics of the data collected are as following: GROUPSSIZESUMMEANSAMPLE VARIANCE FLORIDA2088.504.423.81 NEW YORK20131.536.583.95 NORTH CAROLINA20137.096.852.31 For the second part of this study, we considered the relationship between geographic location and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as arthritis, hypertension, or heart ailment. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. 20 were residents of Florida, 20 were residents of New York, and 20 were residents of North Carolina. The descriptive statistics of the data are as following: GROUPSSIZESUMMEANSAMPLE VARIANCE FLORIDA20284.7114.2415.88 NEW YORK20313.1515.669.82 NORTH CAROLINA20321.0116.0512.79 In both of the two tables above, we found that the residents in Florida shows the lowest mean scores than either of the other states, implying that the level of depression is lowest than others. Compare these two tables, we found that the depression mean scores and variance of health individual is far lower than the individuals with chronic health problem. First, we determine if there is any difference in depression means for the three states within the health individuals, we have conducted the following hypothesis test, with the level of significance 0.05: H0:  µ1 =  µ2 =  µ3 Ha: Not all are equal where:  µ1= population mean of depression scores in Florida  µ2= population mean of depression scores in New York  µ3= population mean of depression scores in North Carolina We use Analysis of Variance to determine whether the observed differences in the three sample means are large enough to reject H0. SSDFMSFF CRITP-VALUE TREATMENT70.75235.3710.543.160.00 ERROR191.38573.36 TOTAL262.1359 The sampling distribution of MSTR/MSE is an F distribution with numerator degrees of freedom equal to 2 and denominator degrees of freedom equal to 57. From the ANOVA table above, we found that the p-value for this test is equals to 0 which is less than the level of significance of ÃŽ ±=0.05. As a result, we reject H0 and conclude that the means of the three depression levels between difference states are not equal. For further test, we need to determine where the differences occur. We use Fisher’s LSD procedure to make three pairwise comparisons: Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 H0:  µ1 =  µ2H0:  µ1 =  µ3H0:  µ2 =  µ3 Ha:  µ1 ≠   µ2Ha:  µ1 ≠   µ3Ha:  µ2 ≠   µ3 where:  µ1=population mean of depression scores in Florida  µ2= population mean of depression scores in New York  µ3= population mean of depression scores in North Carolina We use the level of significance of ÃŽ ±=0.05. The value of LSD in this case is equals to 1.16. We only reject null hypothesis when test statistic |xÌ„i xÌ„j| LSD. The calculated results are as following: Test StatisticLSD Test 12.151.16 Test 22.431.16 Test 30.281.16 The difference between the mean for population 1 and population 2 are greater than LSD, which means we can reject null hypothesis and conclude that the mean for population 1 is not equals to population 2. Similarly, with the difference between the sample means for population 1 and 3 is 2.431.16, we can also reject null hypothesis. But in test 3, the difference between the sample means for population 2 and 3 is 0.280.05). As a result, we could not reject null hypothesis, and conclude that there is no difference between the mean of depression levels of the individuals who had a